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IMPORTANCE: Blood transfusion is one of the most frequently used therapies worldwide and is associated with benefits, risks, and costs.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a set of evidence-based recommendations for patient blood management (PBM) and for research.

Regional anesthesia has been advocated as adjunct to a multimodal analgesia regimen. The limited duration of the action of available local anesthetics limits their application. Catheters, perineural or IV adjuvants, or repetition of blocks are modalities available to prolong the analgesic benefit of LRA. All of these approaches have their shortcomings. New extended release local anesthetic formulations may provide time-efficient and longer duration of analgesia with a single injection.

BACKGROUND: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be at increased risk for serious perioperative complications. The suitability of ambulatory surgery for patients with OSA remains controversial, and several national guidelines call for more evidence that assesses clinically significant outcomes. In this study, we investigate the association between OSA status (STOP-BANG risk, or previously diagnosed) and short-term outcomes and safety for patients undergoing cancer surgery at a freestanding ambulatory surgery facility.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review evaluates the evidence available in the literature to see whether low-dose spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section is effective in preventing maternal hypotension while at the same time guaranteeing effective anaesthetic conditions.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sepsis-3 guidelines have implications in a deeper understanding of the biopathology of the disease. Further, the review focuses on timely topics and new literature on fluid resuscitation, the value of steroids in sepsis, and new therapeutic options such as angiotensin II, vitamin C, and thiamine as well as the emerging role of procalcitonin (PCT) in managing antibiotics.

INTRODUCTION: This retrospective, matched case-control cohort study describes the incidence, indications, anesthesia techniques and outcomes of pregnancies complicated by surgery in a single tertiary-referral hospital.

METHODS: Retrospective review of the hospital records of 171 patients who had non-obstetric surgery in the current pregnancy, between 2001 and 2016. Pregnancy outcomes of these women were firstly compared with all contemporary non-exposed patients (n=35 411), and secondly with 684 non-exposed control patients, matched for age, time of delivery and parity.